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Researchers are working to find ways for internal combustion engines to go greener in order to extend their lives. This could involve development of improving mechanical design as well as finding ways to produce better emission systems. The goal in these projects is to “free the engine” which is a task done in order to get the engine to run more efficiently. Furthermore, some are considering work done that will radically change the architecture and combustion systems. If some of these updates and changes are successful, these engines will now have the ability to use fuels that operate with at least 85% lower CO₂ emissions.

We are already starting to see some companies implement these improvements.

Volvo Trucks has introduced their 2024 VNL model, in which they operate using a D13 engine’s internal architecture. In this model, they shortened the piston’s structure. This allowed them to then make the connecting rod longer. In turn, this worked together to reduce the side thrust, which subsequently creates less engine friction. Having less engine friction creates less carbon emissions, hence making the engine greener and climate friendly.

Volvo has made this and other improvements to their vehicles in order to stay within the rules that are supposed to be put into effect in 2027. The main rule they are struggling to reach requires lower NO_X standards while using less fuel. They have been struggling as the level it takes for NO_X  to form requires diesel level efficiency. Nonetheless, they have experts hard at work to resolve this issue.

Another possible step that experts are working towards includes a duel overhead camshaft.

One of these overhead camshafts would be used to drive the intake valves in the engine while the other would be used for the exhausts. This would allow for more rapid valve actions, improving the efficiency of the engine and once again making it greener. This new upgrade is expected to roll out in 2027 engine models, barring all of their work goes according to plan. Nonetheless, the engine families and ratings will still be in the same vein as the present lineup.

While these main projects are being worked on, others are trying to find other alternative methods to improving the environmental impact these engines have. There are a few improvements that look promising, but everything is still in the early testing stages where it is hard to say what will reach an actual vehicle engine.